Care aspects
What is MS?
Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system in which the isolating sheath around the nerves (the myelin) is damaged. This section provides answers to miscellaneous queries, such as:
- Who gets MS and is it hereditary?
- What plays a role at the beginning of MS?
- Frequently noticed symptoms and how they are caused?
- How is MS diagnosed?
- What are the treatments for MS?
Fatigue and pain
Fatigue is a complex symptom of MS. The causes of fatigue are discussed, as well as some tips for coping with this symptom. Treating the pain syndrome is approached from several angles: medicine, rehabilitation and surgery.
Flexibility and movement
Movement and stretching exercises are important for the maintenance of flexibility and mobility in people with MS. Also devices are discussed to help minimise the loss of certain functions.
Cognitive problems
MS leads not only to physical impairment; in a number of cases the illness also causes problems concerning cognitive functions such as thinking and memory. Generally only one or perhaps a few cognitive functions are damaged, whilst the others will remain intact. Memory problems can be helped by using a number of techniques.
Urinary/bladder problems
Urinary symptoms are common in people with MS.
Whilst some experience incontinence (leakage of urine), others find that it is difficult to empty the bladder. For both problems an overview of symptoms is given, as well as current research, treatment and practical tips.
Bowel problems
In the bowel it is constipation rather than incontinence that is most frequently the problem. There is counseling available for the causes of both problems, as well as treatments.
Bedsores
Less mobile persons cannot frequently change their position. As a result they run the risk of developing a bedsore wound. Several factors contribute to the development and the position of bedsores. Practical tips are given for bedsores. Vigilance is absolutely vital, because bedsore wounds can worsen very rapidly and take a long time to heal!
Body exercise
Many of the problems associated with MS are caused by reduced physical activity. Body exercises improve the effectiveness of movement, increase endurance and decrease stiffness. The exercises are subdivided in 3 categories: aerobic exercises, strength training and stretching exercises.
Stress and reaction to stress
The initial diagnosis and acute exacerbations of MS can be very stressful. It is possible to clarify the relationship between stress and MS. There are two approaches to stress: on the one hand it is possible to cope with the problems that cause stress more efficiently and on the other hand to diminish the physical reactions which stress causes.
Food
As a result of many scientific studies it is known that no diet influences the course of MS in a positive way. However, it has been determined that poor nutrition makes it more likely that people with MS suffer secondary complications. It is also known that people with MS are less tired if they eat a healthy diet.
Problems in swallowing
Almost half of all people with MS develop problems with swallowing. The swallowing process is explained, as well as what goes wrong when choking occurs. This is followed by an outline of a number of preventive measures, all of which make up part of the swallowing therapy.
Communication
Communication problems which occur in people with MS can be split into speech and language problems. Because many people with MS are dependent on other people, communication is very important. Breathing therapy and speech training are clarified, as well as language therapy.
Breathing
General weakness of breathing and a susceptibility to respiratory infections are common in those with MS. This can be improved with specific exercises and preventative treatments.
Sexual problems
A sexual problem is not considered purely as a physical problem. Psychological changes and changes within the relationship must also be taken into account. Specific problems for the man and/or the woman are treated separately.
Alternative cure
Several alternative or complementary approaches are commented upon. There is a special need to assess these strategies critically. Finally "the total approach" toward the person with MS is reviewed. Here the physical, mental and spiritual aspects are considered.
Work and productivity
Many people with MS continue their professional life whilst others find it necessary to give up their job. Frequently decisions to give up work are taken too rapidly before one has had the opportunity to review possible options. Also when it is no longer possible to work, it is important to remain productive and active, for example as a volunteer.
Driving a car
Mobility is a vital basic element of autonomy and life quality. In some cases MS can restrict the ability to drive a car. A reference to "CARA" is then necessary. This centre checks the driving capacity, stipulates the necessary adaptations and gives recommendations concerning possible changes to the vehicle.
Adaptation to homes
For persons with restrictions in mobility it is important that the home furnishing is practical and functional. The adaptation of the house focuses mainly on accessibility, the bathroom and the kitchen. All home adaptations must also take into account the other occupants in the household. In the NMSC a mutimedia database concerning these issues has been developed as an aid.
Entertainment
During life one has to face many challenges and people with MS experience this even more. To face these demands rest, relaxation and recreation help the body to function in an efficient manner and allow one to see the world from another prospective.
Aid of third parties
Independency is very important for people with MS. For this reason several services and care workers can be integrated into the home picture, so that one can remain at home. The possibility of a personal assistance budget is explained, as well as some useful tips for contacts with care workers.
Useful addresses
Correct and up-to-date information is very important. We offer an overview of some important addresses:
- Specialised MS centres
- Social services of the MS-Liga of the Flemish community
- IMSO, MS-Infolijn (free-phone line)
- Flemish fund for social integration of persons with a handicap
- Labour accompaniment
- Health insurance funds, CARA for dutch and french speaking belgians
Explanatory word list
An alphabetical overview of a number of medical and paramedical terms.
Medicine
An overview of all medications.
